A first picture of the mix among Malaysians we have tested

## A short opening scene A woman opens her result and sees a chart with several colours. She asks the question many Malaysians ask: why more than one?

## The story A region estimate shows how your DNA compares with groups of people in our panel. It is a mix, not a single answer. Mixing is normal: a study of populations worldwide found it to be an almost universal force (Hellenthal et al, 2014). And in Asia, genetic ancestry follows geography and language, with Southeast Asia a major source of East Asian populations (HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium, 2009).

What we can say today. A full region estimate exists for only 913 of the Malaysians we have tested. We will not call that a national average. For those 913, our panel's closest match was: Malay group 484 (53.0%), Chinese group 346 (37.9%), Indian group 83 (9.1%). These are names of three groups in our own panel. A closest match is not an identity.

What the family lines add. For all 10,350 Malaysians we tested, the mother line shows a wide picture: about 82 in 100 carry families best known in East and Southeast Asia, about 5 in 100 in South Asia and about 2 in 100 in West Asia or Europe. Among 4,816 men, about 88 in 100 carry father branches best known in East, North and Southeast Asia and about 5 in 100 South Asia. The details are on the mother-line and father-line pages.

## Where you can still see it today Look at a Malaysian wedding, a street of food stalls, a school class. The mix is in the faces, the words and the names. DNA is only one small way to tell it.

## What DNA can tell, and what it cannot A region estimate says how close your DNA sits to groups in a panel. It cannot say what you are. It does not decide race, religion or bumiputera status.

Our testers are not a perfect picture of all Malaysians. Those with a full result are even fewer, so the three numbers above should be read as a first look only.

## Read more - Hellenthal et al 2014, A genetic atlas of human admixture history, Science: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243518 - HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium 2009, Mapping human genetic diversity in Asia, Science: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177074 - Wong et al 2013, Deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 southeast Asian Malays, American Journal of Human Genetics: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.005